Windows 11 trials new privacy features with per-app control for camera, microphone, and location access
Microsoft is currently testing a new privacy feature for Windows 11 that finally treats manually installed apps and Microsoft Store software the same way when it comes to camera, microphone, and location access. Previously, granular privacy controls were exclusive to apps from the Microsoft Store, while other applications were grouped under global system settings.
What changed in Insider Build v26340.9212
In the current Insider Preview build (version 26340.9212), users can now manage camera, microphone, and location permissions on a per-app basis within the 'Privacy & security' settings.

This is a significant shift from the previous implementation: earlier, if you allowed a browser or Steam to use the microphone for communication, that access was automatically granted to other applications as well. Now, every app—whether it's Discord, Steam, or third-party software—gets its own dedicated toggle.
Additionally, the system now prompts users with notifications when a new app attempts to access their webcam or microphone. Previously, such requests from Win32 apps were often ignored until the user manually checked system settings.
Moving from opt-out to opt-in privacy
Developers are considering changing the default behavior to an 'opt-in' model, where all permissions are denied by default, and users must explicitly grant access. This would allow blocking potentially misbehaving apps without requiring constant manual configuration.

However, it is important to note that these changes only affect device access management (camera, microphone, location). They do not impact Windows 11's built-in telemetry or data collection by the operating system itself. If you are concerned about OS-level tracking, separate guides on disabling telemetry services are available.
When will this reach stable Windows 11
Microsoft has not yet confirmed when these features will be released to regular Windows 11 users. The presence of these changes in the Insider build indicates that development is in an advanced stage. Once the feature reaches the stable branch, it will allow management of any Win32 application, not just Microsoft Store apps.
While specific release dates are unclear, enthusiasts can already test the functionality by installing the appropriate system build.